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Who Is Responsible For The Clergy Housing Allowance: The Pastor Or The Church?

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Purchase The Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance by Amy Artiga

This is an excerpt from my book, The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance

Pastor Housing Allowance Responsibilities

Pastor, when it comes to the housing allowance, you’re the man (or woman). If you want the tax savings that the clergy housing allowance provides, it’s on you. It’s not the church’s responsibility, it’s yours. You are the one who has to calculate your anticipated expenses for the year, submit them to your church, and make sure they approve it in time.

Also, it’s your job to track your expenses throughout the year to substantiate the housing allowance that you claim. Unlike an accountable reimbursement plan where you have to submit receipts to the church, hang onto your receipts. If you get audited by the IRS, you are the one that will have to answer to them, not your church. 

Church Housing Allowance Responsibilities

The church or denomination is responsible for officially designating the housing allowance before paying it. Until the official designation has been made, all payments count as taxable income. To make it official, the church must put it in writing as a part of an employment contract, in the church’s budget, in meeting minutes, in a church resolution, or “in any other appropriate instrument evidencing such official action.” (Treasury Regulation § 1.107-1(b)) The designation must simply identify a payment as a housing allowance as opposed to salary or other remuneration (pay).

Once the church has made the official designation, their only responsibility is to pay the housing allowance and record it properly. The allowance should be paid along with the minister’s regular wages, but the amount is not included with wages on Form W-2. In fact, the church does not report the housing allowance to the IRS at all. If it’s on the W-2 as wages, it’s taxable, so make sure your church does it right. That’s why you need to be extra nice to whoever does your church’s payroll. If you get on their bad side, it could cost you big time.

At the end of the year, the church needs to let the pastor know the total housing allowance for the year and it is the pastor’s responsibility to report that to the IRS on Schedule SE. If the pastor is exempt from self-employment taxes, then the housing allowance is never reported to the IRS at all. Isn’t that nice?

How To Report The Housing Allowance 

To inform the pastor of the housing allowance amount, the church may include it in an official letter or show it on Form W-2 in box 14. Box 14 is an informational box only, so employers have some flexibility in how they use it. The church can report the pastor’s housing allowance by writing something like “Housing: 20,000” in that box. The housing allowance should never be included with wages in Box 1. (If it is, have your church fix it and send you an amended Form W-2.)

Breakdown Of Responsibilities

Here is a breakdown of how the housing allowance works:

  1. Pastor calculates anticipated housing expenses for the coming year.
  2. Pastor requests housing allowance from the church.
  3. Church makes an official housing allowance designation.
  4. Church pays pastor housing allowance.
  5. Pastor tracks housing expenses throughout the year.
  6. Church informs pastor at the end of the year of how much was paid in housing allowance.
  7. Pastor files tax return, reporting housing allowance on Schedule SE (unless you have opted out, which is discussed later) and including excess housing allowance as taxable income on Form 1040.

This process should be repeated annually. If you have pretty steady housing expenses, you can request the church to designate your housing allowance in an open-ended manner. An example would be, “First Church designates a housing allowance of $25,000 a year for Pastor John. This designation shall be effective for the current year and all subsequent years unless otherwise provided.” That way, you don’t have to go through the process of requesting the housing allowance every year. Instead, you can skip steps 1-3 and only go back to them when your housing expenses change. Steps 4-7 must still be followed every single year, though. 

Even if you use open-ended wording, you should still calculate your housing allowance on a regular basis. Housing costs creep up gradually and if you’re not careful, you’ll end up paying taxes on a significant portion of your income unnecessarily. You can find sample housing allowance designations, worksheets to help you calculate your housing expenses, and an online calculator at pastorswallet.com/free-resources

If you want to learn more about the clergy housing allowance, pick up a copy of The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance on Amazon today!

Purchase The Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance by Amy Artiga
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Does The Down Payment On A House Qualify For The Minister’s Housing Allowance?

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Purchase The Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance by Amy Artiga

I don’t know about your neighborhood, but in mine, real estate is on fire. Houses that usually take several months to sell are now under contract within a matter of days. This sudden housing boom has caught a lot of people by surprise, especially since everywhere else you look the economy is struggling under the weight of COVID-19. However, with interest rates at record lows and people spending a lot more time at home with their families, it does make sense.

In addition to the houses on my street selling quickly, I have also been getting questions from readers who are jumping into the fray and buying homes. The big question for pastors is, Does a down payment qualify for the housing allowance? The answer is yes, but with a few caveats. 

A Housing Allowance Must Always Be Pre-Designated

First of all, the minister’s housing allowance is always proactive, never retroactive. It must be designated in advance for expenses to qualify. You cannot buy a home and then adjust your housing allowance to cover the purchase. Once you’ve spent the money, you can’t go back and call it a housing allowance. 

If you’re planning to buy a home, you need to have your housing allowance changed BEFORE you make the purchase. It must be officially designated by your church or employing organization, so you need to make a request in advance. How far in advance depends upon how quickly they work. 

Remember, it is easy to adjust for excess housing allowance at the end of the year, but there’s no second chance if you do not claim enough. Thus, it’s usually better to cover your bases and ask for an increased allowance even if you are not 100% sure that your purchase will go through. 

There Are Limitations To The Amount Of Housing Allowance You Can Claim

Even though it is an eligible expense, your entire down payment may not qualify for the clergy housing allowance. That is because the government has placed limits on how much you can claim. The allowed housing exemption is limited to the LESSER of:

  • Your actual housing expenses
  • The fair market rental value of the furnished home, including utilities
  • 100% of ministerial compensation

The one that gets most pastors is the second point, the fair market rental value of the home. In most cases, a down payment will push your actual housing expenses above the fair market rental value of the home because it is such a large chunk of money. Want to see how it works?

Example

Let’s say you buy a home on January 1. Your regular monthly expenses will total $2,500 (use this calculator to figure regular expenses). However, if you were to rent out the home with everything in it and cover the utilities, you could get $3,500 a month. The fair market rental value of the home for the year is $42,000 ($3,500*12). You can’t claim any more than that.

Your normal expenses will cost $30,000 for the year ($2,500*12), so you can claim $12,000 ($42,000-$30,000) of your down payment as well. Any down payment that you pay in excess of $12,000 will have to come from taxable income. If you purchase a home mid-year, you will do all of the calculations on a prorated basis, just as you would if you simply changed homes mid-year without buying.

Other Considerations

I know that some people try to work around this by having a smaller down payment and higher monthly payments. That could make sense in some situations, but it isn’t a sure thing. You need to look at how much more you are paying in interest over the life of the loan, how much your interest rate is affected by the size of your down payment (which could lead to paying more in interest), and things like whether or not you will have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI). All of those things could make it more financially beneficial to have a big down payment, even if it does not qualify for tax exemption as a housing allowance. 

Remember, the housing allowance is just one tool (albeit a powerful one) in your financial toolbox whose purpose is to assist you in being a wise steward of that which God has entrusted to you. You must balance your use of the housing allowance, and the effort that you put into squeezing every last cent out of it, with the overall health of your finances and your relationship with money.

Purchase The Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance by Amy Artiga
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Who Is Allowed To Designate A Minister’s Housing Allowance?

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By law, a minister’s housing allowance must be designated by a church or church denomination. But what does that mean? Surely a mosque or synagogue would count since the government isn’t allowed to discriminate between religions.

The IRS uses a different meaning for church than most of us do in our everyday language. Church for them has more to do with an organization’s religious purpose than their actual religion or common vocabulary. The truth is, Section 107 of the Internal Revenue Code that lays out the clergy housing allowance does not actually define the term church. 

How The IRS Identifies A Church 

Since the law doesn’t spell things out, there have been disagreements that have led to court cases throughout the years. The decisions in those court cases are what the IRS has used to develop a list of characteristics that they attribute to churches. This is what the IRS looks for to be able to call something a church:

  • Distinct legal existence
  • Recognized creed (set of fundamental beliefs) and form of worship
  • Definite and distinct ecclesiastical government
  • Formal code of doctrine and discipline
  • Distinct religious history
  • Membership not associated with any other church or denomination
  • Organization of ordained ministers
  • Ordained ministers selected after completing prescribed courses of study
  • Literature of its own
  • Established places of worship
  • Regular congregations
  • Regular religious services
  • Sunday schools for the religious instruction of the young
  • Schools for the preparation of its members


When determining whether an organization is classified as a church for federal tax purposes, the IRS looks at these characteristics along with other facts and circumstances. They look at the organization’s religious purposes and how it accomplishes those religious purposes. A church does not have to have all of the above attributes to qualify. At a bare minimum, a church must have two things:

  1. A body of believers or communicants
  2. The body of believers assembles regularly in order to worship

Examples Of Court Tax Rulings

If you don’t have a group of people that gets together regularly to worship, you are not a church. And if that’s not your primary purpose, then you’re not a church either. The court has stated that if bringing people together for worship is only an incidental part of an organization’s activities, that’s not enough to call the organization a church. Many schools have regular chapel services and teach religious coursework, but they are still considered schools, not churches. 

In one court case, De La Salle Institute v. US, a religious group’s non-profit ran a winery and distillery. On the premises was a chapel where they could worship. They claimed that the non-profit was a church and an integral part of a church and so should be exempt from paying certain taxes. Neither the IRS nor the tax court judge bought it. They determined that it was not a church, it was a winery.

While having prayer meetings at your tech company won’t make it a church, the IRS still goes beyond the usual connotations for their definition of a church. If you’re an ordained minister who preaches, performs weddings, and officiates funerals, you still may be able to take a housing allowance even if you don’t work for a “traditional” church.

This is exemplified in the Whittington v. Commissioner tax court case. There was a ministry that presented the gospel through crusades, services, and publications that had a loyal, regular following. Their leaders conducted daily services and married, performed funerals for, and counseled their followers, many of whom were not associated with other religious organizations. The IRS denied the leaders a housing allowance because they did not work for a church. The leaders challenged it and the tax court judge sided with them, declaring that their ministry counts as a church because they have a body of believers.

They aren’t just flexible about the structure of your “church.” If you act like a church, even if you don’t have traditional beliefs, you can still qualify as a church. That’s what happened in the Foundation of Human Understanding v. Commissioner tax court case. A foundation based on Judeo-Christian principles and the doctrine and teachings of its founder claimed to be a church. They owned buildings in two different locations where they conducted regular services for a congregation of over 50 people. They also had a school where their beliefs were taught to children and owned a retreat center for seminars and meetings. The IRS said that it didn’t qualify as a church but the tax court judge struck that down and ruled that they are a church. 

How To Get A Final Determination

While I really hope you don’t start a cult, I highlight these examples to show you that you don’t necessarily have to work for a traditional church for it to qualify to designate you a housing allowance. The IRS is fairly flexible in its definition. 

I wish I could spell it out to you more clearly, but this is all that we have because of the way our legal and tax system works. If you have any doubts as to the validity of your organization as a church, you can request a private letter ruling from the IRS. Or, you can get audited and take the IRS to tax court for a final decision. Have fun with that. 

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On Sale Now: The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide To The Clergy Housing Allowance

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I’m pleased to announce that my first book is now available for sale on Amazon! The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide To The Clergy Housing Allowance is a comprehensive look at all things housing allowance. 

The Story Behind The Book

Last February, I sat down to put together a downloadable resource about the housing allowance since it is a common topic of reader questions. As I started my research, I thought to myself, you could write a whole book about this stuff! 

And so I did. 

I spent hours in research, reading through IRS documents, tax court cases, and the Internal Revenue Code. If you think that sounds incredibly boring, you’re right. I would much rather read a John Grisham novel than anything put out by the IRS. 

But I’ve met too many pastors who are paying taxes unnecessarily because they don’t understand how the housing allowance works. And I’ve heard from too many financial professionals who can’t give their clients good advice because they struggle to find accurate information regarding the housing allowance. 

God calls some people to pastor churches. He calls others to take the gospel to unreached people groups. I guess he’s called me to read IRS documents. I’d rather take that than Hosea’s call any day, though.

What Is In The Book?

I tried to put everything there is to know about the housing allowance into this book. Unlike Hollywood, I’m not planning for a sequel. There are no intentional cliff hangers here. That’s why I called it the Complete Guide. This is about as good as it gets. Here is an outline and summary of the book:

The Law: What’s This All About?

I started the book with a brief overview of the law itself. It is important to understand how tax law works so that you can understand why there are so many gray areas. This section provides the background for how we know what we do about the housing allowance. As I state in the book, it is optional reading for those who like to know why?

Eligibility: Who Is A Minister Of The Gospel?

The second chapter is where it starts to get really practical. Before you get into the details of the law, you need to know who it applies to in the first place. There are three things you must define in order to know who is eligible for the minister’s housing allowance:

  1. What qualifies as a church or denomination?
  2. Who is a minister of the gospel?
  3. What qualifies as ministerial services?


In this chapter, we see how the law applies to pastors and church workers, workers in religious organizations, pastors in secular settings and government, workers in church-assigned positions, workers in religious schools, theological students, traveling evangelists, and missionaries.

Process: How To Claim The Housing Allowance

Once you establish eligibility, the big question is how to go about claiming a housing allowance. In this chapter, we break down the responsibilities between the church and the individual pastor, look at the proper timing for requesting an allowance, and how to calculate your housing allowance. Then we get into eligible expenses and what the law says about:

  • Combining the parsonage and cash housing allowance
  • Down payments
  • The mortgage interest deduction
  • Home equity loans and home equity lines of credit
  • Cash-out mortgage refinancing
  • Prepaid expenses
  • Multiple homes
  • Clergy couples
  • Generating income with your home

Taxation & Other Government Programs

The next chapter looks at how the housing allowance affects federal income taxes, payroll taxes, and state income taxes. We discuss how the housing allowance should be reported to both the pastor and the IRS and what happens when you over or underestimate your expenses. Finally, we look at how claiming a housing allowance affects the following:

  • Retirement contributions
  • Social Security benefits
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
  • Social Security Disability Income (SSDI)
  • Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
  • Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
  • Premium tax credit (Obamacare subsidy)
  • Medicaid
  • Medicare Savings Programs
  • Medicare premiums
  • Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
  • Child Tax Credit
  • Additional Child Tax Credit
  • Unreimbursed business expenses

The Finish Line: Claiming A Housing Allowance In Retirement

Did you know that you might be able to claim a housing allowance in retirement? It’s true, and this book will tell you how to do it. It covers the dangers of IRA rollovers, partial retirement, SECA taxes, required minimum distributions, IRS reporting, and what happens when your spouse dies. If you want a housing allowance in retirement, it’s important to read this before you retire.

Legal Challenges: Gaylor v. Mnuchin

We end with a look at the recent legal challenges that the housing allowance has faced. While it is safe for now, it is important to understand the legal arguments for how it is being attacked and how it has been defended. In light of all of that, the book ends with some considerations of the future implications and what you should do going forward.

Buy Your Copy Today!

If any of that sounds as if it would be helpful to you, I encourage you to get a copy. This isn’t the kind of book that you take to the beach, read through cover-to-cover, and then toss aside. It is more of a reference tool that will sit on your shelf, gathering dust, except for the once or twice a year you have to consult it. You won’t spend a lot of time reading it, but you’ll be glad you have it on hand when questions arise. And I try to add some humor so it’s not too boring for you! 

It is available in paperback and Kindle format, so buy it on Amazon today! And don’t forget to leave a review if you do!

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What Expenses Qualify For The Minister’s Housing Allowance?

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This is an excerpt from The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance, now available for purchase on Amazon.

Everyone wants a clear list of what is permissible and what is not allowed for the housing allowance. Unfortunately, that is still being figured out. Right now it just allows “expenses directly related to providing a home” and only specifically prohibits food and servants. That clear-cut list that everyone wants is still out there somewhere with unicorns and the Easter bunny. Good luck finding it.

The specifics that we do have come from IRS rulings and case law. There are a few things that have been decided for sure qualify or don’t, but the thousands of other possibilities out there simply have not been addressed by the IRS yet. 

How To Determine What Qualifies For The Clergy Housing Allowance

There are only three ways to find out for sure if something qualifies. You can:


1. Get the IRS to issue a private letter ruling regarding your specific situation. These can cost hundreds of dollars and are difficult to obtain.

2. Speak to a subject matter expert at the IRS. Since pastoral tax issues are very unique, people often receive conflicting advice when talking to government agencies. Make sure to get any information you receive in writing so you can use it to back up your claims if later opposed.

3. Get audited and take the IRS to tax court. 

Do any of those options sound like fun to you? Me neither. You can see why we don’t have a clear list of allowable expenses. The best you can do is apply wisdom and prudence to your decisions and accept the fact that you won’t know anything for sure unless you end up in court before a judge. Personally, I would take the ambiguity over the audit any day. 

Even though there is a lot that we don’t know for sure, there is still some that we do know. Pretty much anything that is used to provide or maintain a home and is not specifically forbidden is allowed. Even the little things that make a house a home, like a framed copy of your favorite scripture verse. Here is a list to get you started.

Allowed Housing Expenses

  • Mortgage principal and interest payments
  • Mortgage down payment and closing costs or home purchase price 
  • Rent
  • Real estate taxes
  • Homeowners or renters insurance
  • Homeowners association dues
  • Condo fees
  • Home improvements
  • Structural maintenance and repairs (roof, paint, deck)
  • Upkeep of the home and its contents
  • Utilities: heating, electricity, water, sewer, garbage, gas, basic home telephone, internet
  • Cable TV
  • Furniture (purchase, repair, and replacement)
  • Appliances (purchase, repair, and replacement)
  • Dishes and cookware
  • Decorating items such as pictures, rugs, mirrors, curtains
  • Bedspreads, sheets, and towels 
  • Yard care tools: lawnmower, shovel, fertilizer. etc.
  • Yard services: snow removal, tree trimming, landscaping and gardening
  • Pest control 
  • Cleaning supplies, paint, and light bulbs

Not Allowed

  • Groceries
  • Servants 
  • Maid service
  • Personal items
  • Personal gifts
  • Paper products (plates, napkins, etc., not toilet paper)
  • Personal toiletries
  • Personal clothing
  • Cell phone service

Someone once asked me if a storage unit used to hold household furnishings would count towards the housing allowance. I don’t know for sure, but my guess would be no. The housing allowance allows for garages, but the understanding is that they are on the same property as the house. Storage units are separate buildings in separate locations. Past court cases have shown us that the IRS doesn’t approve of claiming two houses in two locations at once. 


The Pastor’s Wallet Complete Guide to the Clergy Housing Allowance also includes eligibility information on down payments, home equity loans and lines of credit, cash-out refinances, prepaid expenses, home businesses, and clergy couples. Purchase it today on Amazon!

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2020 Housing Allowance For Pastors: What You Need To Know

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The new year is just around the corner, so it’s time to be thinking about your 2020 pastor’s housing allowance. Here are a few things to keep in mind as you make your plans.

Your Housing Allowance Should Be Approved In December

The housing allowance for pastors is not and can never be a retroactive benefit. Only expenses incurred after the allowance is officially designated can qualify for tax exemption. Therefore, it is important to request your housing allowance and have it designated before January 1 so that it is in place for all of 2020. 

If your expenses are pretty regular from year to year, it is a good idea to use language such as “this designation shall be effective until modified by…” That way, you don’t have to request a new allowance each year.

It Is Limited 

You may not be able to claim all of your housing expenses for tax exemption. The housing allowance for pastors is limited to the least of:

  • the amount actually used to provide or rent a home;
  • the fair market rental value of the home (including furnishings, utilities, garage, etc.);
  • the amount officially designated (in advance of payment) as a housing allowance; or
  • an amount that represents reasonable pay for your ministerial services.


You can learn more about how much housing allowance pastors can claim and how to calculate the rental value of your home by following the links in this sentence.

The Housing Allowance Can Affect Your Child Tax Credit

One of the best parts of the Tax Cuts & Jobs Act for parents was that it doubled the Child Tax Credit. Our little boogers are now worth $2,000 apiece instead of $1,000. On top of that, up to $1,400 of that is refundable, meaning the government will give you the money even if you don’t owe any tax

One thing that I discovered when reviewing one pastor’s taxes, though, is that the housing allowance can actually hurt your eligibility for the refundable portion of the child tax credit. That’s because the housing allowance for pastors lowers your taxable income and the additional child tax credit is limited to a percent of your taxable income. If you have kids and claim a housing allowance, you should really read this article so that you’re not missing out on free money. 

Your Side Gig Might Affect Your Housing Allowance

While parents have a few extra things to consider regarding the housing allowance, entrepreneurs do too. If you run a side-business out of your home or rent out part of your home, that will affect your housing allowance. The portion of your home used to generate income is not eligible for the clergy housing allowance. You can read all about how that works here

You Can Change Your Housing Allowance Mid-Year

I know that I told you it’s really important to get your housing allowance in place before January 1, but that’s not really a magical date. The truth is, you can change or request a housing allowance at any time during the year. I recommend having it in place by January 1 so that you don’t miss out on any of the year. 

However, if your situation changes mid-year, so can your housing allowance. All you have to do is request a new one. Or, if you enter the ministry mid-year, you don’t have to wait until January to start claiming a housing allowance. Get it officially designated as soon as possible and start saving on taxes. This article explains how it works in greater detail. 

You Can Claim A Cash Allowance Even If You Have A Parsonage

The cash housing allowance and parsonage allowance are not mutually exclusive. You don’t necessarily have to choose one or the other. If you live in a parsonage but still pay some housing expenses out-of-pocket, then you can have both. You can read about how to do that here

You Can Claim A Housing Allowance In Retirement

Did you know that just because you retire your housing allowance doesn’t have to as well? That’s right, you can claim a housing allowance in retirement. You can only do so if you have your retirement money in a qualified church retirement account, though. If you want to learn more about saving on taxes in retirement by claiming a minister housing allowance, read this article.

It’s Okay To Overestimate

Since none of us can predict the future, there’s really no way to know exactly what your housing expenses will be in a given year. I didn’t expect to replace my roof, paint my house, or fix carpenter ant damage in January of the years that I did them. Houses have a way of surprising you sometimes.

How do you request a housing allowance for an unknown future? Overestimate. Now, there are a lot of times in life when you don’t want to overestimate. Overestimating on things like how far you can jump across a ravine or guessing your fiance’s weight will get you into trouble. But, the consequences are pretty minor for overestimating your expected housing expenses. 

All you have to do is add the excess allowance back into your taxable income when you file your return. It’s pretty simple. This article will give you step-by-step instructions on how to do it. It’s not a lot of work and it sure beats paying extra taxes because you underestimated.

How To Calculate Your 2020 Housing Allowance

So, are you ready to calculate your 2020 housing allowance now? I’ve got some tools to help you out!

Pastor’s Wallet has our very own calculator that you can use for free here.

I’ve also created a worksheet that you can either open in Excel or print and fill in.



I hope you find these tools useful and if you have any questions as you go, don’t hesitate to email me at amy@pastorswallet.com!

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Get Your Free Downloadable 2019 Minister Housing Allowance Worksheet

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As we enter the final stretch of 2019, it’s time to review the year’s housing expenses and how they align with your designated housing allowance. It’s always a good idea to review your housing allowance about this time of year to make sure you are maximizing your tax savings. How well your actual expenses have lined up with your designated allowance will affect what you do the remainder of the year.

Free Minister Housing Allowance Calculator & Worksheets

I’ve created several tools that will help you as you review your housing allowance:

Online Calculator

Online Housing Allowance Calculator

Our Pastor’s Wallet online calculator can be used to both anticipate expenses for the coming year and review the past year’s expenses. Make sure that you are entering expenses on an annual basis by multiplying monthly expenses by the number of months they have or will cover.

Downloadable .PDF Document

If you just want a real piece of paper to write on, click the download button above and print out the document. It includes spaces for the most common housing expenses and several open spaces for your own unique expenses.

Downloadable Excel Spreadsheet

For Excel users who want to personalize their calculations or save them for the future, click the above link to download a .xlsx document. It’s set up to automatically add up your housing expenses as you plug them in. 

Minister Housing Allowance Limitations

It’s important to remember that just because you spent a certain amount on housing expenses for the year, that doesn’t automatically qualify them for the clergy housing allowance. The IRS has placed limits on how much can be claimed. 

You may only claim the lesser of:

  • the amount actually used to provide or rent a home;
  • the fair market rental value of the home (including furnishings, utilities, garage, etc.);
  • the amount officially designated (in advance of payment) as a housing allowance; or
  • an amount which represents reasonable pay for your services.

To learn more about calculating the fair market rental value of your home, go here

What To Do If Your Housing Allowance Is Off

If you’ve been spending more than expected and don’t have a lot of designated allowance left for the remainder of the year, you may want to put off purchases and projects. Anything you spend above what was previously designated for the year will come out of your taxable income and you will receive no tax benefits. It may be worthwhile to postpone fixing your deck or buying that new oven until January and request a higher allowance for 2020 to cover it. 

What if you haven’t spent as much as you expected? If your housing allowance exceeds your expenses for the year, now might be a good time to tackle your list of house projects. Paint that bathroom you’ve been eyeing, do that landscaping project you’ve been considering or finally buy your wife that new down comforter she’s had her heart set on. Your tax-exempt allowance has already been designated, so you might as well make the most of it.

If you still haven’t spent your entire designated amount by the end of the year, you will need to add it back into your taxable income when you file your tax return in the spring. Luckily, that’s not nearly as intimidating as it sounds. This article details step by step just how to do it.

I hope you find these resources helpful. If you have any questions, ask in the comments or send me an email!

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How The Clergy Cash Or Rental Housing Allowance Works

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For almost 100 years, since the Revenue Act of 1921, pastors in the United States have had the privilege of living in employer-provided housing without having to pay income taxes on it. Back then, it was common practice for churches to provide a home, or parsonage, for their pastors. 

By the 1950s, it wasn’t quite as common. As the number of churches increased, many simply did not have the funds to provide a parsonage. This forced the pastors to find their own place to live and pay for it out of their taxable income. 

Congress felt that this was unfair discrimination between pastors, that some didn’t pay income taxes on their housing while others did. So, in 1954, they expanded the law to include the payment of a “rental allowance paid to him [the minister] as part of his compensation, to the extent used by him to rent or provide a home.” This leveled the playing field and created what is now called the clergy cash housing allowance or clergy rental housing allowance.

How It Works For Pastors Without A Parsonage

This is how the cash rental housing allowance works if your church does not provide you with a parsonage:

  1. You go buy or rent a place to live.

  2. You calculate your housing expenses, including rent, mortgage, utilities, furniture, etc.

  3. You ask your church to designate that amount (your calculated expenses) as a housing allowance.

  4. The church makes an official designation.

  5. When the church pays you your salary, the portion that was designated as a housing allowance does not appear on your pay stub as taxable income and is not reported to the IRS- but they still give you the money.

  6. You track your housing expenses throughout the year.

  7. At the end of the year, your church will let you know what your housing allowance was for the year, either with a letter or on Box 14 of your W-2 (NOT Box 1).

  8. If your housing allowance exceeded your housing expenses for the year, then you have to add that back into your taxable income when you file your tax return. Learn how to do that here

How It Works For Pastors With A Parsonage

If you live in a parsonage, then you are already getting your housing income tax-free. But, if you read the section above, you’ll see that those without a parsonage can include things like utilities and furniture in their housing allowance. What if your church doesn’t pay for those things for you and you purchase them out of pocket? Then, you can take advantage of both a parsonage allowance and a cash housing allowance. They are not mutually exclusive.

Taking a cash housing allowance when you live in a parsonage is much like taking the rental allowance for those providing their own homes. This is how it works:

  1. Calculate the housing expenses that you are paying for out of pocket. This could be utilities, furniture, pest control, etc. 

  2. Ask your church to designate that amount (your calculated expenses) as a cash housing allowance.

  3. The church makes an official designation.

  4. When the church pays you your salary, the portion that was designated as a housing allowance does not appear on your pay stub as taxable income and is not reported to the IRS- but they still give you the money.

  5. You track your housing expenses throughout the year.

  6. At the end of the year, your church will let you know what your housing allowance was for the year, either with a letter or on Box 14 of your W-2 (NOT Box 1).

  7. If your housing allowance exceeded your housing expenses for the year, then you have to add that back into your taxable income when you file your tax return. Learn how to do that here

I’ve heard that some churches are not comfortable with the idea of providing a cash housing allowance if they are already providing their pastor with a parsonage. If you run into this, you should simply (and kindly and humbly) educate the decision-makers at your church about what the law entails and how it can save you a lot of money in taxes at no expense to the church. I think sometimes churches don’t realize that they have nothing to lose in designating a housing allowance for their pastor. 

Who Is Eligible For A Housing Allowance

That is how the cash or rental housing allowance works. Before requesting one, though, it’s important to verify that you are eligible for one and the expenses you have in mind are also eligible. You can learn about all of the eligibility requirements here


Don’t forget to check out our Housing Allowance Calculator!

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Should You Keep A Mortgage Just For The Housing Allowance & Mortgage Interest Deduction?

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Keep your mortgage so you don’t lose your housing allowance and mortgage interest deduction!

How many times have you heard that advice? A reader recently asked me about it. Is that really good advice?

I know for most people, keeping a mortgage just for the mortgage interest deduction doesn’t make financial sense (though a lot of people do it). But you pastors have an amazing benefit in the ministerial housing allowance. It made me wonder, could the housing allowance be enough to turn the tables and make a mortgage worthwhile?

Example Mortgage

I decided to calculate it out to see for myself and to share with you. Here are my assumptions for this exercise:

Home Price: $200,000

Loan Amount: $160,000 (20% down payment avoids private mortgage insurance)

Mortgage Type: 30-year fixed rate

Mortgage Interest Rate: 5%

Income Tax Rate: 12%

Based on those assumptions, I calculated out the amount you would save in taxes with the housing allowance and mortgage interest deduction as well as the total amount of interest you would pay over the life of the loan.

I also looked at the opposite extreme, paying cash for the house, but that’s not a very realistic alternative for most people. Because of this, I figured out what the numbers would be if you made bi-weekly payments. The idea behind biweekly payments is that you make a mortgage payment every other week instead of monthly so by the end of the year you’ve made an extra payment, 13 instead of 12. Here are the numbers:

Calculations

Minimum Payments

Annual Principal & Interest Payments: $10,306.98

Total Interest Paid Over Life Of Loan: $149,209.25

Loan Paid Off In: 30 Years

Bi-Weekly Payments

Annual Principal & Interest Payments: $11,165.96

Total Interest Paid Over Life Of Loan: $121,723.99

Loan Paid Off In: 25.25 Years (I rounded it to 25 for my calculations)

No Mortgage

Annual Principal & Interest Payments: $0

Total Interest Paid Over Life Of Loan: $0

Loan Paid Off In: 0 Years

Now, there are a lot of other things that count towards the housing allowance besides just principal and interest payments. You have property taxes, homeowners insurance, utilities, furnishings, etc. However, those are all the same regardless of whether or not you have a mortgage. Here we are only looking at the effects of a mortgage, so those are the only numbers I included.

Here is how total loan costs compare between the three situations:

30-Year Fixed RateBiweekly PaymentsPay Cash
Total Interest Paid$149,209.25$121,723.99$0
Tax Benefit Of Housing Allowance*$37,105.13$33,497.88$0
Mortgage Interest Deduction**$17,905.11$14,606.88$0
Cost of Loan***$94,199.01$73,619.23$0



*Tax Benefit Of HA calculated as 12% of annual principal and interest payment multiplied by the duration of the loan.

**Interest Deduction calculated as 12% of the total interest paid.

***Cost Of Loan is calculated as the total interest paid less the tax benefit of the housing allowance less the mortgage interest deduction.

Other Factors To Note

There are other factors that will affect how this would apply to you personally:

  • You have to itemize your deduction to receive a benefit for paying mortgage interest. With the new higher standard deduction, it is possible that you will not itemize and receive this benefit.

  • Being in a lower tax bracket will decrease your tax savings and a higher tax bracket will increase them. For 2019, the 12% rate applies to singles with a taxable income of $9,701 – $39,475 and married couples with a taxable income of $19,401 – $78,950.

  • Having a lower interest rate will decrease the overall cost of the loan and a higher one will increase the cost.

  • Your housing allowance is limited by the fair market rental value of the house. If it is less than your biweekly payments then you will not save as much in taxes as in my calculations above.

What About Opportunity Costs?

So, if you took out this mortgage you would save $55,010.24 in taxes over the next 30 years. That’s great! Except that it will cost you $149,209.25 in interest. That’s essentially giving the bank $3 in order to avoid giving the government $1. Without a mortgage, you may pay more in taxes but you pay less overall.

Those calculations make paying off the mortgage as fast as possible the clear winner. But, as with most things financial, it’s not quite as simple as that. There are opportunity costs involved. An opportunity cost is basically what you miss out on by not making another choice.

You see, ditching your mortgage is obviously best if you’re just going to be spending or sitting on your money. But, what if you invest it? What if you put $160,000 into the stock market when you got your mortgage? Would you still end up worse off financially 30 years later?

Not necessarily. If you invest your money rather than pay off your mortgage you may end out ahead. It’s a possibility, though, not a guarantee. The end results will depend upon your discipline, the investment decisions you make, and the way the market behaves.

What Should You Do, Then?

Wouldn’t life be easy if the internet could just tell you the best decisions to make about everything?

I’m sorry, but I’m not God, so I can’t tell you what’s best in your situation. I can only suggest things to think through as you make your decision:

  • Consider your priorities; how does your desire to be debt free compare with your desire to maximize your finances?
  • Consider your habits; would you have the discipline to invest your extra money instead of spending it?
  • Consider your risk tolerance; do you have the guts to keep your money invested even if the market tanked?
  • Consider various scenarios; what rate of return do you need in order to make investing instead of paying down the mortgage worthwhile for you? 5%? 8%? 12%? Is your required rate of return realistic?

Remember, the math clearly shows that giving $3 to the bank to keep $1 from the government is unwise. However, you may have other opportunities that make giving $3 to the bank worthwhile. Talk to your spouse, pray through it, do the math, and I wish you the best of luck!

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What To Do About Your Housing Allowance If You Move During The Year

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Summer is in full swing and that means house listings are skyrocketing and people are moving. This has been on my mind as our neighbors behind us just sold their house and we have yet to meet our new neighbors. Hopefully, they’ll be nice!

Moving is a big undertaking. Packing your things, transporting them, figuring out the logistics of it all, and trying to make sure nothing gets dented or dinged or forgotten in the process. It’s a lot of work, both mental and physical. In addition to all of the usual chores of moving, pastors have to think about their housing allowance as well. I’ll give you a hand and lay it out for you. If you’re a pastor with a housing allowance, this is what you need to do when you move:

Calculate Your New Expenses

Are your expenses going up or down? You need to calculate your expenses and find out. If you need a calculator to help, we have one. This should be fairly easy if you’re not making any big changes. However, if your living situation is changing dramatically, then this might be a several month process as you get used to your new lifestyle and get a better handle on your actual expenses. 

It’s important to figure out how your expenses are changing, though. If they are going down and you don’t adjust your housing allowance accordingly, then you will have to add the excess back into your taxable income at the end of the year and you could end up with a large tax bill. If the opposite is the case, then you could end up paying taxes unnecessarily. 

Calculate The Fair Market Rental Value Of Your New Home

Remember, there are limitations to the amount you can exclude from taxation as a housing allowance. The big one that some people forget about is that your housing allowance cannot exceed the fair market rental value of your home, even if your real expenses do. So, you need to calculate the fair market rental value of your house. Know how to do that? If not, read this article

Request An Updated Housing Allowance

Once you’ve calculated your actual expenses and the fair market rental value of your new home, pick the lower of the two numbers and request it as a new housing allowance. If you’re not sure how to request a housing allowance from your church or denomination, ask whoever pays you. 

While you might be used to requesting a housing allowance at the beginning of the calendar year, there is no IRS rule about when or how frequently you can request one. So, you can update it whenever you move. And then two months later when you figure out that your calculations were wrong you can update it again. The only limit to how much you can change and update your housing allowance is how much your church or denomination is willing to put up with.

It is important that you request your new housing allowance as soon as possible, especially if you’re asking for an increase. Housing allowances can only be paid proactively, not retroactively. That means that if you move in, buy $10,000 worth of furniture, and then request an updated housing allowance, your new housing allowance cannot cover that big furniture purchase. It needs to be both requested and approved before you incur the expenses for them to apply.

Make Sure Your Request Is Officially Approved

That brings me to my last point. Make sure your housing allowance is officially approved by your church or denomination. It’s not valid until it is. I’ve heard from pastors who thought they did everything right, but their church dropped the ball. They never made the housing allowance official, so the pastor ended up paying a bunch of unnecessary taxes. 

Don’t let that be you. Follow up frequently until your updated housing allowance is approved and accurately reflected in your paycheck. 

That’s how you do it. I can’t come over and scrub bathrooms or move furniture for you, but I hope this helps you at least a little bit!


If you would like to learn more about the ministerial housing allowance, watch for our new book this fall. You can also sign up for updates at the top of your screen!

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